Traditionally, the milk mushrooms are considered to be of the genus Milkies and the russula family. But dry lump, despite the name, is part of the genus Russula. In European countries, breasts and podgruzki unknown or considered inedible. Residents of Russia actively use them in cooking. What dry breast looks like and how to grow it - this material will tell.

Dry breast: photo and description

The cap of the mushroom in diameter reaches 5–18 cm. But you can meet individual specimens with dimensions of 30 cm. First, the hat is formed convex, then it is pressed in and takes the form of a funnel. Her top is whitish. It can be dotted with dark yellow or red-brown spots. In dry weather, the surface of the cap is often covered with cracks.

Records are often located. Their color is creamy. They can be intertwined with each other and fall on the leg. The foot is powerful, grows up to 5 cm in height and up to 4 cm across. It is painted white. It can be covered with blurry light brown spots. Its upper part is bluish, narrowed. The pulp is dense, brittle, white. When broken, it does not darken, does not secrete milky juice.

Did you know? The largest fungus in the world, listed in the Guinness Book of Records, is a dark honey agaric (Armillaria ostoyae). It is 3.8 km long and grows in the USA.

White germs grow in all types of forests. Often it can be found under birch, oak, pine, spruce, alder, aspen, oak, beech. Most often, mushrooms occupy moist areas of the forest and are found in small groups. The time of their collection falls on July – October. According to the description, the mushroom grows large. How exactly it looks can be seen in the photo.

Famous names

Dry breast has other names. In the scientific literature, he is found under the name white sub-boot (Russula delica). Also known from the names cracker, russula excellent, russula pleasant. People used to call him the king of mushrooms.

What is the difference between a young mushroom and an old mushroom

In addition to size, you can distinguish young from old ones in the shape of a hat. In young people it is convex, in old ones it is funnel-shaped or flat. Older plants often have brown spots on the plates. Their leg is hollow. To taste, they can be bitter.

Why are the breasts considered primordially Russian

Earlier in Russia, a lump was considered the only mushroom suitable for pickling. It was collected in the forests and salted. According to documentary sources, traditionally during fasting they used dishes with breasts. He was salted alone or mixed with other mushrooms - saffron mushrooms, thrills.

For pickles used wooden barrels. Mushrooms were eaten as an independent dish, and they were also added as fillings in pies, pies, seasoned with horseradish or butter.For a long time, lump was the only industrial mushroom in Siberia.

Poison Doubles

The described breast has no poisonous doubles. Among the mushrooms similar to it, there are only edible or conditionally edible. So, a dry breast can be easily confused with a short-legged russula. However, you can meet her very rarely and only in North America.

Did you know? The oldest mushroom was found in Brazil. According to scientists, he is about 115 million years old.

Another similar fungus is a green-plate-like preload. It is distinguished from the dry breast by the presence of bluish plates.

Similar species are false underload and violin. The first mushroom grows exclusively under oaks, has a yellowish hat and bluish-green plates. The second representative of the mushroom kingdom is very similar in appearance to a white load, however, when cracked, it secrete milky juice.

Useful properties and possible harm

White preload has a rich vitamin and mineral composition. It has vitamin A, groups B and P. It is saturated with zinc, copper, manganese. Amino acids and fiber are present in the pulp.

• Mushrooms are able to provide the following beneficial effects on the human body:
• strengthen immunity;
• saturate with vitamin and mineral elements;
• normalize bowel function.

A substance is selected from the preloads, which is used in the treatment of oncological diseases in medicine and pharmaceuticals. One should be careful with the use of dry breasts. You can not overeat them, as they can overload the digestive tract.

As a result, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, and abdominal pain may develop. The harm, in the form of poisoning, can be caused by dry lumps collected in ecologically unsafe areas - near busy motorways, landfills, and large enterprises.

Important! In case of mushroom poisoning, it is necessary to induce vomiting, drink activated charcoal and consume a lot of cold water or strong black tea. The victim must immediately seek medical help and observe bed rest.

Contraindications

Not everyone can eat mushrooms. Refuse from eating them should be people with individual intolerance.

• Caution should be taken in relation to mushroom dishes for persons who have the following health problems:
• gastrointestinal tract diseases;
• liver and kidney disease.

Also, you should not feed them to children under 6 years old, eat pregnant, lactating women, the elderly.

Taste qualities

White loaders have a pleasant, well-distinguishable aroma and a sharp fresh taste. Despite the mediocre taste, today they are actively used in cooking. Soups are cooked from these mushrooms and fried. But, most often, pickles and pickles are made from dry breasts. Before you cook seals, mushrooms are boiled. As a rule, they are not used in dried form.

Growing

White podgrudok can be grown at home, for example, in a summer cottage or garden, in the garden, as well as in the park, greenhouse, flower bed, lawn. To do this, you need to purchase mycelium. You can do this in a specialized market or online store. 120–150 g of mycelium is required for growing under a single tree or bush on an area of ​​2.5–3 m².

Landing technology is as follows:

1. Loosen the ground in the area where the planting of mycelium is planned.
2. Make a recess with dimensions of 5-15 cm.
3. Distribute the mycelium evenly over the prepared area.
4. Cover with garden soil with the addition of humus.
5. Pour the soil dug up during the formation of a depression from above.

In the future, you need to take care of the plantings - on a dry hike, organize watering at the rate of a bucket of water per 1 m². The first crop should be expected 5 months after planting.

Important! The shelf life of mycelium is 6 months at a temperature of + 2 ° C ... + 6 ° C and 1 month at + 23 ° C. After this period, it is unsuitable for landing.

So, dry breast is an edible mushroom, which, despite the mediocre taste, is actively used in cooking. It can be grown at home.